ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi ye-silicon

Ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi ye-silicon ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe kokungcola okuthathu okuyinhloko kwensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium equkethwe ekubunjweni kwensimbi ye-silicon. Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium ku-silicon yensimbi, i-silicon yensimbi ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 namanye amabanga ahlukene.

Embonini, i-silicon yensimbi imvamisa ikhiqizwa ukuncishiswa kwe-silicon dioxide ezithandweni zikagesi. I-Chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO Ubumsulwa be-silicon ekhiqizwa ngale ndlela yi-97~98%, ebizwa nge-metallic silicon. Khona-ke iyancibilika futhi ifakwe kabusha, futhi ukungcola kususwa nge-asidi ukuze kutholakale i-silicon yensimbi enobumsulwa obungu-99.7 ~ 99.8%.

I-silicon metal ikakhulukazi yakhiwe i-silicon, ngakho-ke inezici ezifanayo ne-silicon. I-silicon inama-allotropes amabili: i-amorphous silicon ne-crystalline silicon. I-amorphous silicon iyimpushana empunga-mnyama futhi empeleni iyikristalu elincane. I-Crystalline Silicon inokwakheka kwekristalu kanye nezakhiwo ze-semiconductor zedayimane, indawo encibilikayo engu-1410 ℃, indawo yokubilisa engu-2355 ℃, ubulukhuni be-Mohs 7, i-brittle. Ukwenziwa kwe-amorphous sililicification kuyasebenza futhi kungasha ngamandla kumoya-mpilo. Ihlangana nezinsimbi ezingezona ezensimbi njengama-halogen, i-nitrogen nekhabhoni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi ingasebenzisana nezinsimbi ezifana ne-magnesium, i-calcium nensimbi ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-silicidi. I-amorphous silicon icishe ingancibiliki kuwo wonke ama-acids e-inorganic kanye ne-organic, okuhlanganisa i-hydrofluoric acid, kodwa ancibilika kuma-asidi axubile e-nitric acid ne-hydrofluoric acid. Isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide esigxilisiwe singancibilikisa i-amorphous silicon futhi ikhulule i-hydrogen. I-crystalline silicon ayisebenzi, ngisho emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ayihlanganisi nomoya-mpilo, ayincibiliki kunoma iyiphi i-inorganic kanye ne-organic acid, kodwa incibilika ku-nitric acid ne-hydrofluoric acid exutshwe ne-acid exutshwe ne-concentrated sodium hydroxide.