I-silicon insimbi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crystalline sililikoni noma i-silicon yezimboni, iyimpahla ebalulekile eyisisekelo yezimboni. Okulandelayo isingeniso esiningiliziwe se-siliconinsimbiimikhiqizo:
1. Izithako eziyinhloko kanye nokulungiselela
Izithako eziyinhloko: Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-siliconinsimbiI-silicon, evame ukuphakama cishe ngama-98%. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kwenye i-silicon yekhwalithi ephezuluinsimbiingafinyelela ku-99.99%. Ukungcola okusele ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa insimbi, i-aluminium, i-calcium nezinye izakhi.
Indlela yokulungiselela: i-silicon insimbi incibilikiswa i-quartz ne-coke esithandweni sikagesi. Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilikisa, i-silicon dioxide ku-quartz iyancipha ibe yi-silicon futhi ihlangana ne-carbon element ku-coke ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo efana ne-silicon. insimbi kanye ne-carbon monoxide.
2. Izinto ezibonakalayo
Ukubukeka: i-silicon insimbi ngokuvamile ibonakala njengekristalu elimnyama elimpunga noma elinethoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enobuso obushelelezi ngokuqhathaniswa.
Ukuminyana: Ukuminyana kwe-silicon insimbi ngu-2.34g/cm³.
Iphuzu elincibilikayo: Iphuzu lokuncibilika le-silicon insimbi ibe 1420℃.
I-Conductivity: I-conductivity ye-siliconinsimbiihlobene eduze nezinga lokushisa layo. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-conductivity iyanda, ifinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme cishe ku-1480°C, bese yehla njengoba izinga lokushisa lidlula i-1600°C.
3. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali
Izakhiwo ze-Semiconductor: i-siliconinsimbiinezakhiwo ze-semiconductor futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor.
Izici zokusabela: Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, i-siliconinsimbiayincibiliki ku-asidi, kodwa incibilika kalula ku-alkali.
4. Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza
Imboni ye-Semiconductor: i-silicon imeta isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-semiconductor futhi iyimpahla ebalulekile yokukhiqiza amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, amaphaneli elanga, ama-LED kanye nezinye izinto zikagesi. Ukuhlanzeka kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ze-elekthronikhi kuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor.
Imboni ye-Metallurgical: Embonini ye-metallurgical, i-silicon yensimbi iyinsimbi ebalulekile ye-alloy. Inganezelwa ensimbi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni, amandla kanye nokumelana nokugqoka kwensimbi futhi ithuthukise izakhiwo zayo ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-silicon yensimbi nayo iyisakhi esihle kuma-alloys e-aluminium, futhi ama-alloys amaningi e-aluminium cast aqukethe i-silicon.
Imboni ye-Foundry: I-silicon ye-Metallic ingasetshenziswa njengento yokuphonsa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokumelana nokukhathala okushisayo kokusakazwa nokunciphisa ukukhubazeka kokuphonsa kanye nokuguqulwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo elanga: I-silicon ye-Metallic nayo isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amandla elanga ashisayo. Ngokugxilisa amandla elanga phezu kwe-silicon yensimbi, amandla okukhanya angaguqulwa abe amandla okushisa, bese amandla okushisa asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitimu ukushayela amajeneretha omshini wokukhiqiza ugesi.
Eminye imikhakha: Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon yensimbi ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza imikhiqizo ye-silicone efana nowoyela we-silicone, irabha ye-silicone, i-silane coupling agent, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ze-photovoltaic ezifana ne-polycrystalline silicon. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-metallic silicon powder nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni eziphikisayo, imboni ye-powder metallurgy neminye imikhakha.
5. Imakethe namathrendi
Isidingo semakethe: Ngokuthuthuka komnotho womhlaba kanye nokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, isidingo se-silicon yensimbi siyaqhubeka nokwanda. Ikakhulukazi embonini ye-semiconductor, imboni ye-metallurgical kanye nezinkundla zamandla elanga, isidingo semakethe se-silicon yensimbi sibonisa ukukhula okuqinile.
Umkhuba wokuthuthuka: Ngokuzayo, imikhiqizo ye-silicon yensimbi izothuthuka ibheke ekuhlanzekeni okuphezulu, isikali esikhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni entsha yamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon yensimbi emkhakheni wezinto ze-photovoltaic kuzophinde kwandiswe.
Kafushane, njengento ebalulekile eyisisekelo yezimboni, i-silicon yensimbi inamathemba okusebenza abanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwesidingo semakethe, imikhiqizo ye-silicon yensimbi izoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa futhi iqanjwe kabusha, ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi wesintu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-28-2024
