Insimbi ye-silicon, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silicon yezimboni noma i-crystalline silicon, imvamisa ikhiqizwa ukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni ye-silicon dioxide ezithandweni zikagesi. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kunjengesengezo sama-alloys angewona ayoni futhi njengento yokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon ye-semiconductor ne-organosilicon.
E-China, insimbi ye-silicon ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nokuqukethwe kokungcola okuyinhloko okukuqukethe: insimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium. Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwephesenti yensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium ku-silicon yensimbi, i-silicon yensimbi ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 namanye amabanga ahlukene. Idijithi yokuqala neyesibili ifakwe ikhodi yephesenti lokuqukethwe kwensimbi ne-aluminium, kanti izinombolo zesithathu nesine zimelela okuqukethwe kwe-calcium. Isibonelo, u-553 usho ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-iron, i-aluminium ne-calcium ngu-5%, 5%, 3%; I-3303 isho ukuthi okuqukethwe kwensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium kungu-3%, 3%, 0.3%).
Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-silicon kwenziwa ngendlela ye-carbothermal, okusho ukuthi i-silica ne-carbonaceous reduction agent iyancibilika esithandweni sensimbi. Ukuhlanzeka kwe-silicon ekhiqizwa ngale ndlela kungu-97% kuya ku-98%, futhi i-silicon enjalo ingasetshenziswa ngokuvamile ngezinhloso ze-metallurgical. Uma ufuna ukuthola izinga eliphezulu le-silicon, udinga ukulicwenga ukuze ususe ukungcola, futhi uthole ukuhlanzeka kuka-99.7% kuya ku-99.8% we-silicon yensimbi.
Ukuncibilikisa insimbi ye-silicon ngesihlabathi se-quartz njengempahla eluhlaza kufaka izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokwenza ibhulokhi yesihlabathi se-quartz, ukulungiswa kokushaja nokuncibilikiswa kwesithando sensimbi.
Ngokuvamile, isihlabathi se-quartz esiphezulu sizosetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yengilazi ye-quartz yezinga eliphezulu, futhi iphinde icutshungulwe ibe yi-gem grade njenge-crystal, i-tourmaline neminye imikhiqizo. Ibanga libi kakhulu, kodwa izinqolobane zikhudlwana, izimo zezimayini zingcono kancane, futhi ugesi ozungezile ushibhile, ofanele ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-silicon.
Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kweChina kwenqubo yokukhiqiza i-silicon metal carbon thermal: ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-silica njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-petroleum coke, amalahle, ama-wood chips, amalahle omlotha ophansi kanye nezinye izinto zokunciphisa, ku-ore ore esithandweni sokushisa ukushisa okuphezulu, ukunciphisa i-silicon metal. kusuka ku-silica, okuyinqubo yokuncibilikisa i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi engaphansi kwe-slag.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba insimbi ye-silicon ikhishwa ku-silica, akuwona wonke ama-silica afaneleka ukwenza i-silicon metal. Isihlabathi esivamile esisibona nsuku zonke akusona impahla yangempela eluhlaza yensimbi ye-silicon, kodwa isihlabathi se-quartz esisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izimboni okukhulunywe ngenhla, futhi siye sasabela ngezinyathelo eziningi ukuqedela ukuhlakazeka kusuka esihlabathini kuya ensimbi ye-silicon.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-04-2024
